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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medications are a great way to manage anxiety symptoms. Psychologists are trained in the use and prescription of medications. They can prescribe the correct medication to minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged: psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first option of medication to treat anxiety, can take up to several weeks to work. SSRIs SSRIs are the medication of choice for most anxiety disorders. The latest SSRIs have more favorable adverse effects than older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). There are a variety of SSRIs have been approved by FDA to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. They include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as along with citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs can boost serotonin in the brain, and can also boost norepinephrine or BDNF. They can be used by themselves or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs may cause nausea and digestive issues, but these side effects typically subside when the body is accustomed to the medication. The exact mechanism by which SSRIs work for anxiety is not understood fully. However, it is believed that they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin from the post-synaptic neuron and increase the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic gap. This increases the signaling across the synapses, which in turn reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to decreasing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. They also can help with depression and other mental health issues which often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy or other types of cognitive behavior therapy, which could increase their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive, unlike some other antidepressants. However, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it can cause “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to return. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor might consider a different type of antidepressants, like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These drugs are also effective, but have a higher risk of side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, including eggs, red meat, dairy, and some fruits and vegetables. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if taking these medications. In addition, it is generally recommended to avoid drinking alcohol when taking SSRIs because this can increase the severity of some adverse reactions. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They work by increasing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a substance which inhibits nerve activity. These drugs are effective in treating anxiety disorders, insomnia, and other psychological disorders. However they can be addictive and should only be used for brief durations under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when used recreationally, or when combined with alcohol and other substances. If someone suffers from anxiety disorder s, they often look to medication as the first choice. However this isn't the only option. Talk therapy or psychotherapy is also proven to be an effective way to reduce anxiety disorder symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to alter your thinking and behavior to make you less stressed as much. The most popular benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) as well as chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium), clorazepate (Tranxene) and Lorazepam (Ativan), and the quazepam (Dalmane). They all share similar pharmacological properties, but each has its own unique side effects and pharmacological profile. Clorazepate for instance, is more effective in treating seizure disorders compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam on the other hand, is superior at treating anxiety disorders compared to quazepam. Benzodiazepines can be very effective, however they are not recommended for long-term use because they may cause tolerance and physical dependence. In addition, they can lead to withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking them abruptly like a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for a few weeks. However they can be slowed down if you taper off the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should only be used for a brief period of time, usually not more than 4 weeks. During this period, you'll be required to monitor your blood pressure and heart rate to ensure you don't suffer a severe withdrawal reaction. If you're thinking about getting a benzodiazepine prescription, talk to your doctor about your history of substance abuse. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be used to treat anxiety-related symptoms. They block adrenaline from binding with beta receptors in your nervous system. This stops the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart tremors or palpitations. These medications are usually prescribed to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions. However, they can be prescribed off-label for anxiety. When you are anxious your body produces a chemical dubbed adrenaline which signals your body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a binder to beta receptors in the brain and the heart which causes your heart rate to increase and can trigger other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are an class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension and other heart ailments they work by preventing the binding action of adrenaline, which helps to reduce your heart rate and blood pressure. Unlike SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take weeks or months to make a noticeable difference in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. They are a good choice for people who require immediate relief from anxiety symptoms. For instance, people who must give a public speech or fly in a plane. They are also a good option for people with anxiety and chronic heart problems such as atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure. Although beta-blockers are effective at alleviating physical symptoms of anxiety, they fail to address the underlying cause of the condition. They are only prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle changes and counseling. However, they can be an option for those who have tried other medications for anxiety and have not found them to be effective or cause uncontrollable side effects. There are several different types of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine which beta-blocker is right for you depending on your medical history and current health status. These medications may cause negative side effects like fatigue or low blood pressure. It is essential to discuss the options for treatment with your doctor. MAOIs Developed in the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for some anxiety and depression. However, they're not used as frequently as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the need for strict dietary restrictions and risks of interactions with drugs. Some MAOIs are in tablet form and are taken orally, whereas others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal patch for skin. MAOIs interfere with the actions of MAO, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine that is found in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood and appetite as also in sexual function. MAOIs have an anti-anxiety effect. However they are more likely to cause side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with warnings in boxes for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to help manage your symptoms in addition the MAOIs below. A beta-blocker, such as propranolol is frequently prescribed to ease physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor may also recommend a relaxation technique or other treatments at home to ease your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 during research on tuberculosis. It was soon discovered to have properties that boost mood and is considered the first antidepressant medication. MAOIs should be used only after other antidepressants are not working, because they can trigger serious side-effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and eat foods that contain Tyramine, a chemical found that is found in many cheeses, red meats, shellfish, fish, as well as some nutritional supplements, it can trigger a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure. Symptoms of this severe reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, and fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact other drugs and cause severe side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Your doctor will discuss your dietary requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you against eating foods that contain tyramine while you are taking the medication. He or she will also provide a list of food items that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. The food guide provided will help to prevent MAOI-related adverse effects.