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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines can be a useful tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are educated in the use and prescription of medication. They can prescribe the appropriate medication to reduce the risk of side effects. The typical treatment for anxiety disorders is three-pronged and consists of therapy, exercise and medication. SSRIs are the first choice to treat anxiety, however they may take a few weeks for them to work. SSRIs SSRIs are the medication of choice for the majority of anxiety disorders. The newer SSRIs are less likely to trigger adverse effects than tricyclics older than tricyclics as well as monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. Several SSRIs have been approved by FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as along with citalopram (aka Celexa). These medicines can boost serotonin in the brain, and may also help to boost norepinephrine or BDNF. They are able to be employed in combination with psychotherapy or on their own. SSRIs may cause negative effects, such as nausea and digestive problems However, these tend to improve as the body gets used to the medication. The exact mechanism of the action of SSRIs on anxiety is not well comprehended. It is believed that SSRIs hinder serotonin reuptake in post-synaptic neurons, and increase the amount of serotonin that is present in the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signals that cross the synapse and it also reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can reduce anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression as well as other mental illnesses which are often linked to anxiety disorders. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy, which can enhance their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive, unlike other antidepressants. However, it is essential to follow your prescription of your doctor. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it may cause “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to return. If SSRIs aren't for your needs, your doctor may try a different class of antidepressants, like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These medications are also effective, but carry greater risk of side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods such as dairy products and eggs, red meat, and certain fruits and vegetables. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if you're taking these medications. Additionally it is generally advised that you do not drink alcohol while taking SSRIs because this can make it more difficult to deal with certain side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They increase the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a chemical which inhibits nerve activity. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety disorders and other psychological disorders. However they can be addictive and should only be used for brief periods of time under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when used for recreational purposes, or mixed with alcohol or other substances. When people have anxiety disorders , they usually turn to medication as their first choice. However, this is not the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has also been proven to reduce anxiety-related symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies, however cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to alter your behavior and thoughts to make you less anxious as often. Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, clorazepate, lorazepam and quazepam are the most popular benzodiazepines. Each has a unique set of adverse effects, however, they all share similar properties pharmacologically. Clorazepate, for instance is more effective at treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on contrary, is more effective in treating anxiety disorders as compared to quazepam. Benzodiazepines can be very effective, however they should not be used long-term because they can cause tolerance and physical dependence. In addition, they may cause withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking them abruptly like sweating, a heart beating and shaking. Symptoms can be very uncomfortable and last for weeks, but they can be slowed down by gradually reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines can be extremely addictive and should only be used for a short period of time, usually not more than 4 weeks. You must monitor your heart rate, blood pressure and your breathing during this period to ensure that you do not have a severe reaction. Speak to your doctor in the event that you are thinking of taking the use of a drug called benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a type of medication that can help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. These drugs prevent adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in the nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from creating physical reactions, such as heart palpitations or tremors. These drugs are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions however, they can also be prescribed off-label for anxiety-related disorders. When you are anxious your body produces a chemical called adrenaline which signals your body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds with beta receptors in the heart and brain and causes your heart rate to increase and may cause other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension, and other heart conditions. They are able to block adrenaline's binding actions. This assists in lowering the heart rate and blood pressure. Unlike SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take weeks or months to show a significant improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. This makes them a good option for people who need immediate relief from their anxiety like those who need to deliver speeches in public or fly on a plane. They also make a great option for those suffering from anxiety and chronic heart problems, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers can reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the underlying causes. They are only prescribed in conjunction with a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle adjustments and counseling. They are beneficial for those who have tried anti-anxiety medication and found it ineffective or caused unacceptable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine which one is best for you based on your medical history and your health. Taking these medications can have side effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) were developed in the 1950s as an antidepressant, are effective for a variety of anxiety and depression disorders. However, they're not used as frequently as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the need for strict dietary restrictions and the risk of drug interactions. Some MAOIs are in tablet form and are taken orally, while others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal patch for skin. MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO which increases the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine that is found in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood, and appetite, as also in sexual function. MAOIs are anti-anxiety. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to cause adverse effects and are accompanied by warnings regarding suicide. In addition to the MAOIs listed below, your doctor may prescribe other medications or treatments that can aid in managing your symptoms. For instance, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is usually prescribed to ease the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest a relaxation technique or other treatments at home to ease your symptoms. The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during tuberculosis research in 1952. It was soon found to have properties that boost mood and is believed to be the first antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be used after other antidepressants have failed, as they can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. It could cause a risky reaction that can result in high blood pressure when you take an MAOI while eating foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is present in a wide variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in fish, shellfish and some dietary supplements. The symptoms of this serious reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, and a rapid heart rate. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and trigger extreme side effects, like suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and even suicidal thoughts. Your doctor will discuss your diet needs with you before prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you against eating foods that contain tyramine when taking the medication. The doctor might also provide you with a list of food that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. This food guide will help you to avoid MAOI-related symptoms.